Dry Eye Disease is a progressive chronic condition that is caused by a lack of lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eye. We need consistent layers of tears on the surface of the eyes to ensure your eyes are healthy, comfortable and seeing well. 

The tear film on the eyes surface keeps our eyes moist and washes away dust, debris and microorganisms that could damage the cornea and cause an eye infection. 

Your tear film is made up of three essential layers: 

1. An oily (lipid) component produced by meibomian glands in the eyelids to prevent evaporation of your tears

2. A watery (aqueous) component produced by lacrimal glands located behind the outer part of the upper eyelids to hydrate the eyes. 

3. A mucous-like (mucin) component produced by goblet cells in the conjunctiva that covers the white of the eye and acts as a foundation for your tear film

What causes Dry Eye?

There are many potential causes of dry eyes:

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• Computer use – When working at a computer or using your phone or other portable digital device, we tend to blink our eyes less frequently and less fully. This can cause greater tear evaporation and increased risk of dry eye symptoms.

• Contact lenses – contact lenses can exacerbate existing dry eye problems. It is a primary reason why people stop wearing contacts.

• Aging – Dry eye syndrome can occur at any age, but it becomes more common as you age, especially after age 50.

• Menopause – Post-menopausal women are at greater risk than men of the same age.

• Indoor environment – Air conditioning, ceiling fans and forced air heating systems all can decrease indoor humidity. This can increase tear evaporation, causing dry eye symptoms.

• Outdoor environment – Dry climates, high altitudes and dry or windy conditions increase dry eye risks.

• Smoking 

• Health conditions – Certain diseases such as diabetes, thyroid-associated conditions, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome can contribute to dry eye problems.

• Medications – Many prescription and non-prescription medicines increase the risk of dry eye symptoms, including antihistamines, antidepressants, certain blood pressure medications such as beta-blockers or diuretics and birth control pills. 

• Eyelid problems – Incomplete closure of the eyelids when blinking or sleeping can cause severe dry eyes. 

• LASIK – LASIK and other corneal refractive surgery can sometimes cause dry eyes. 

• Wearing a mask – Many masks, such as those worn to protect against the spread of COVID-19, can dry the eyes by forcing air out the top of the mask and over the surface of the eye. Wearing glasses with a mask can direct the air over the eyes even more.

• Allergies – Allergies can cause dry eyes, and as noted above, taking antihistamines to relieve allergies can also cause dry eyes.